150 years since the birthday of the outstanding domestic agronomist, developer of the sub-district and regional organization of agricultural research, Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Viner (1872–1937)
150 years since the birthday of the outstanding domestic scientist-agronomist, developer of the sub-district and regional organization of conducting agricultural research, Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Viner (1872–1937)< /span>
Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Wiener (1872-1937) – agronomist, organizer of research. He studied at the Petrovsky Agrarian Academy (1893). Studied changes in soil moisture under the influence of agricultural techniques. After graduation, he was left as an assistant at the Department of Agriculture under the leadership of D.M. Pryanishnikova. He participated in the organization of research work as the head of the Shatyliv Agricultural Research Station (1899-1906), and then as a research specialist of the Department of Agriculture. V.V. Wiener took part in the 10th Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors in Kyiv in 1898 and read the report "On soil analysis using plants".
In the "Fund of publications published in the XIX century. on agricultural topics of the National Scientific Agricultural Library of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine» and "Collections of scientific publications of 1901-1917 from the funds of the NNSGB of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences" stored 30 books V.V. Wiener, the oldest of which is the book "On some methods of soil grading", which is a report read by Volodymyr Volodymyrovych on February 24, 1899 at a meeting of the Society of Former Pupils of Higher Agricultural Institutions. Wiener believed that soil grading during solid soil research should have two goals: conducting a preliminary "quick" and the following "detailed" credit rating To compile a soil map of a large area, it is necessary to collect a large number of soil samples. The rational organization of ground research should be a successful combination of these two requirements. For an average district (from 250 to 500 thousand des.), the total number of soil samples should be about 1 thousand. The methods of cursory grading are visual signs and signs included in the description of the soil section. The second part of the preliminary assessment consists of laboratory studies of the mechanical and chemical composition of the soil. The appendix to the book contains tables of analytical data of preliminary grading of soils in % to completely dry soil and an appendix to the article on detailed grading "Data for characterizing the productivity of 6 soil types of the Poltava province".
As a representative of the Department of Agriculture, V.V. Wiener participated in the establishment of regional research stations of Ukraine (Katerinoslavska, Kharkiv). Thus, on April 27, 1908, a Zemstvo meeting of local agronomists and invited specialists in agricultural research, senior specialists of the Main Directorate for Research of Wiener and Frankfurt, professors Pryanishnikov, Bychikhin, Kurylov, heads of research stations and fields was held in Katerynoslav (Dnipro) and Ivanivka stations, Poltava, Odesa, Stavropol fields, Kharkiv provincial agronomist and representatives of the main agricultural societies of southern Ukraine. V.V. Wiener read the report "On the organization of the regional agricultural research station". It was decided that there is an urgent need to create a central research station in the Katerynoslav province with a certain number of experimental fields, in accordance with the main soil-climatic and economic regions of the province, and the permanent organization of a network of collective experiments. The commission for the creation, arrangement and maintenance of the central research station and district research field included: O.O. Izmailov, V.V. Wiener, S.L. Frankfurt, M.Z. Vorontsov, B.M. Rozhestvenskyi, D.M. Pryanishnikov, M.K. Pokhodnia, A.F. Dollezhal, V.V. Talanov, I.G. Chernysh, P.F. Tushkan, A.K. Qty. Wiener proposed to include in the research program the study of the effect and after-effect of mineral fertilizers, especially phosphorus, on the research objects.
Viner V.V. was a participant in the regional congress of representatives of zemstvos and agricultural enterprises of southern Russia, held on September 7-10, 1910 in Katerynoslav. On October 14, 1911, he participated in a regional meeting on the issue of creating a regional agricultural research station in Kharkiv.
At the First All-Russian Breeding Congress in 1911, V.V. Wiener presented a report on the principles of distribution of selection work by district. For the southwestern region, Wiener proposed to create four district selection stations: Kyivska – for the selection of sugar beet and winter wheat, Kharkiv – for growing winter and spring wheat and fodder beet, Katerynoslavska – for spring wheat, corn and Saratov wheat – for growing durum spring wheat and sunflower. Advised to exercise social control over seeds in the form of bazaar exhibitions.
V.V. Wiener studied the issues of soil cultivation, fertilization of agricultural crops, agrotechnics of potatoes. Compiled manuals on general agriculture.
You can get acquainted with the exhibition materials
in the reading hall No. 2 of the National Library of the National Academy of Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences.< /p>